Similarly, in the 1980s professors Edward Deci and Richard Ryan from the University of Rochester distinguished their own reasons for why people work and summarised six common threads made up of three positive motivators and three negative motivators.
Positive Motivators: These increase work performance but can be easily forgotten or rather suppressed in times of crisis, uncertainty and disruption.
- Play - Being motivated by the work itself.
- Purpose - You value the work’s impact; it fits with your identity.
- Potential - The outcome of the work enhances your potential.
Negative Motivators: These will move someone to action, but they are indirectly related to the job and work. These are likely to have spiked due to the current pandemic but could lead to reduced performance as time progresses.
- Emotional Pressure- You work because an external force threatens your identity. (Worry, guilt, status)
- Economic Pressure - An external force makes you work. (Money, family)
- Inertia - You can’t identify why you’re working there is no drive, just repetition.
Motivators & Personality Traits: These are just two of the models of motivational analysis, there have been many studies in the field. Both the Saville & Holdsworth and the Deci & Ryan models are strongly linked with personality typing, another vast side to behaviour analysis.
A combination of personality questionnaires and motivational questionnaires are often used in candidate screening and for access to higher educational programmes. The questionnaires help to evaluate a candidate’s competencies, personality preferences and workplace behaviours.
Some of the most common personality questionnaires are;
- Occupational Personality Questionnaire (OPQ) 1
- Saville Wave 2
- Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) 3
- Talent Q Dimensions 4
- Personality and Preference Inventory (PAPI) 5
The Deci & Ryan model relates to the workplace setting but humans are complex and so the Saville and Holdsworth model provides much more scope for drilling down into what really makes an individual tick.
Understanding all models of behaviour analysis and how they relate can provide a massive advantage for leaders and individuals alike.